A Complete Guide To Bathroom Mirrors

Introduction

Central to the mythology of mirrors is Narcissus a Boeotian hero, who disliked those who loved him for his own natural beauty. He famously gazed into a pool of water and was so fascinated with the reflection, that he was unable to bring himself to leave the image. Not realising that the image he could see was of his own natural beauty, he couldn’t bring himself to leave the image, and he perished.

The concept of how the mirror works is quite simple. It stems simply from the reflective surface of still water and therefore nature plays its part. When you look down into a puddle or a dark pool of water, the smooth water reflects the light straight back into your eyes.

Mirrors work in a similar way, in that a mirror is made up of a coated glass surface which when a polished metal surface or metal film is applied behind the glass, light cannot shine through and so reflects the image back. Young children especially, are always fascinated when they look into a mirror for the first time and see their own reflection staring back at them. Anyone who has young children will remember the vision of their young son kissing their image on a mirror.My eight year old daughter loves sitting in front of her mirror doing her hair nearly as much as my fifteen year old daughter!

Where would we be today without mirrors? Mirrors are generally used for personal grooming or interior decoration and have evolved from a luxury item into a necessity. There is an enormous variety of mirror shapes and sizes and over the years, mirrors have gradually developed to meet many different requirements. Today there is a large selection of mirrors , ranging from small mirrors to large mirrors, framed, unframed and includes bathroom mirrors, decorative mirrors, illuminated mirrors, LED mirrors, shaving mirrors, compact mirrors and demister mirrors.

Away from personal use, mirrors are also used in industry as part of scientific apparatus such as cameras, lasers, telescopes and periscopes, to reflect light and used as tools in dentistry and medical care.Not to mention the beauty and hair salon industries.

History of Mirrors

The history of mirrors as far as we can see dates back over 8,000 years. The earliest known mirrors were made from pieces of polished stone such as obsidian, a naturally occurring glass from cooled volcanic lava flows. In Anatolia in Turkey, examples of obsidian mirrors dated at around 6000 BC have been found. In south and central America, polished stone mirrors from around 2000 BC on wards have also been found. From around 3000 BC mirrors of polished copper are known to have been crafted in ancient Egypt. In China bronze mirrors were manufactured from around 2000 BC.

The first metal coated glass mirrors are thought to have been made in the first century AD, in Sidon, known today as Lebanon. The Roman author Pliny makes reference to glass mirrors backed with gold leaf in his Naturalis Historia, one of the largest reference books to have survived from the Roman Empire, which focused on natural and man-made objects and was written in around 77 AD. The Romans also created a technique for making crude mirrors by using molten lead to coat blown glass.

In the 10th Century Arabian Physicists, considered different types of mirrors, reflecting mirrors and parabolic mirrors and another discussed concave and convex mirrors in both cylindrical and spherical geometries. In undertaking various experiments with mirrors, finding the point on a convex mirror at which a ray of light coming from one point is reflected to another point was solved.

During the period of the 14th to 17th Centuries, across Europe a method of coating glass with a tin-mercury amalgam was perfected by manufacturers. Venice was recognised for its glass making expertise and soon became a centre of mirror production using this new technique. Glass mirrors from this period were extremely expensive luxuries.

The particular process of silvering to produce the first silvered-glass mirror is credited to German chemist Justus von Liebig in 1835. He developed a process to apply a thin layer of metallic silver onto glass through the chemical reduction of silver nitrate. The process was adapted for mass production and led to the greater availability of affordable mirrors and formed the basis of what we now consider the normal way to produce a mirror today.

The evolution of the mirror over the years is quite interesting, if like me you love mirrors! It has evolved from a luxury item to an item which is now taken for granted in daily use. Today, walk into any store to look at mirrors and the selection is vast, with many technology features now finding there way into mirrors, to give added simplicity, luxury and decoration. 

New features such as Illumination, LED lighting and demisters now provide a huge bathroom mirrors range to choose from.

How are Mirrors Made?

The manufacture of mirrors includes the application to a suitable material of a reflective coating. Glass is the most common material, due to its ability to take a smooth finish and its rigidity. Glass is also more scratch resistant than many other materials. 

Early mirrors were made of solid metal, bronze or silver and they were far too expensive for most to be able to afford. Metal is also prone to corrosion and because of polished metal’s low emissivity, antique mirrors were less suitable for indoor use. With indoor lighting at the time supplied by candles or lanterns, the metal mirrors reflected a much darker picturecompared to modern glass mirrors. 

In modern times ‘float glass’ is used in the manufacture of mirrors, which is a flat ribbon of glass which is run out of a furnace and along the surface of a bath of molten tin. The temperature of both the glass and molten tin is controlled to enable both surfaces to be made perfectly flat. There are now three common types of mirrors: plain – which has a flat surface, and the two spherical types of mirrors: the convex and the concave. The concave and convex mirrors can be used in an entertaining way, when used at fairgrounds or amusement parks to distort peoples figures reflected in them through bloating, stretching and shrinking, the person or object in front of them. I challenge even the most dour faced individual to stand in front of a mirror in a hall of mirrors without laughing at their reflection!

In some applications, a mirror isn’t a mirror at all. For example, when used in public conveniences, particularly in public or factory toilets, where for reasons of cost and the need for greater durability, a single polished metal sheet is often installed as a form of mirror.

Different Types of Mirror

Throughout the ages, mirrors have been employed as symbols of truth, deception and vanity. Mention a mirror and you instantly know that if you look into one, you will see your own reflection staring back at you. The image you see will resemble your own appearance. In optical principles, the reflections in mirrors do not totally match the objects in front of them. When looking into the mirror, trace the contour of the reflection of your head in a mirror. The reflection may correspond in proportion, but will generally be half in actual size.
With such a variety and huge range of mirrors now available, much has been made of the amount of money spent in purchasing mirrors particularly by women, although in this day and age with an increase in men purchasing cosmetics, some men will also be vain enough to carry a mirror. I wonder if in another decade or two, me calling men vain for carrying a mirror will be thought of as ridiculous!

The vain Queen in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs famously asked her special mirror, “Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, who’s the fairest of them all?” Mirrors are synonymous with truth.
Mirrors are frequently used in interior decoration to create an illusion of space, and to decorate and amplify the apparent size of a room. They will be used around the home, the office, a pub, club or restaurant to good effect. They work particularly well in night clubs, reflecting the many images of light in the club or room to create a feeling of a much bigger space.

Infinity Mirrors provide an effect of never reaching an end, known as ‘infinity breaking’ and are particularly effective when used in a dark environment. I remember experiencing this phenomenon for the first time as a child in a large department store lift, where mirrors where on all sides of the elevator car. For those who are not good in lifts I should think this effect probably does nothing to calm them, perhaps that’s why you don’t see lifts like this anymore Or is it just because I’m getting old and that was a particular style popular in the 70′s!

My next favourite kind of mirror after the infinity mirror is the heated mirror, these mirrors have a heating element or what is called a demister pad mounted on the back. The reason a mirror steams up when you have a shower is because the surface temperature of the mirror is colder than the air temperature and causes the water vapour in the air to condense on the mirror. Some bright spark realised long ago that it if you heated the mirror this would avoid it steaming up, brilliant!

For many years heated mirrors have only featured in very expensive bathrooms usually costing thousands, and quality hotels have used heated mirrors as a neat differentiator from the increasingly popular budget hotels and motels. Of course it is not until you step out of the hotel shower and see yourself in the mirror that you realise it is there! Whilst at the back of your mind you realise this is one of the reasons why this room is more expensive than the other hotel across the street.

Last week I heard the BBC Radio 2 DJ Ken Bruce state that the best shave you ever had will have been in a hotel, to which he attributed the benefit of the heated bathroom mirror as the main reason. I have to agree, and every time I stay in (nice) hotel I always have a really good look at the bathroom with a view to reproducing the best of its features in my own home.

In 1980, ska group The Beat had a UK top ten hit with ‘Mirror in the Bathroom’ and the bathroom is probably the location where we are most intimate with our mirrors. Many will say that it is not wise to look at yourself in the mirror first thing in the morning, but the bathroom is often the first port of call in the morning. Many bathrooms feature a main bathroom mirror positioned on a wall and a bathroom cabinet with mirror doors. Other than the “oh my god” do I really look like that expression, the uses of a mirror or mirrors in a bathroom will generally be to aid the application of make up, hair styling or shaving.

One of the major problems with bathroom mirrors is that after showering or bathing, the mirror is misted over. A recent addition in the manufacture of heated mirrors is the inclusion of a demister pad which clears the mirror for use in mere seconds. Imagine never having to again wait for the steam of the bathroom to disappear from the mirror, or having to open the window, before using the mirror to shave or apply make up. The bathroom mirror demister or steam free bathroom mirror is a great invention. Some manufacturers refer to these products as fog free bathroom mirrors and there is now a huge range available, again some with back lights, LED lighting and built in shaver points.

Demister mirrors and steam free bathroom mirrors are not the only recent developments on mirrors. As suggested above another reasonably new product is the back lit bathroom mirror. Illuminated mirrors maintain the features of a simple mirror, but will enhance any environment in which they are used with the addition of lighting. As with all mirrors, the range of illuminated mirrors is extensive, with a variety of sizes and shapes available. An Illuminated mirror with shaver point can also be purchased.

Mirrors with back lit LED lights will enhance any bathroom or environment in which they are installed. Being of low energy consumption LED, or light emitting diode, are more environmentally friendly than traditional bulbs. They are designed to withstand the wetness of the bathroom environment. So water vapour mist will not cause a problem. As a real luxury mirror, illuminated bathroom mirrors and bathroom mirrors with LED lighting can also include a demister, to demist the mirror in just a few seconds and an on/off sensor to activate the lights as soon as motion is detected in front of the mirror. Now bathroom cabinets are also available with inbuilt back lights, and LED lighting for that special something different in your bathroom.

As a bathroom accessory the mirror should come high on the list, in fact can you really have a finished bathroom without a mirror? The enormous selection of styles, types, shapes and sizes means that there must be a mirror to match anyone’s budget. Although some of the latest technological versions such as illuminated, back lit and LED mirrors could be considered to be luxury items, some are not as expensive as you may have thought.

A new LED mirror is available which has a hand sensor built into it so you can turn the lights on or off by waving your hand in front of the sensor.

Mirrors, Superstition and Auspicious Energy Flow

I have always loved mirrors, probably why I have ended up in the mirrors business! When I was at school I did a project on them, this was before the internet was invented mind so I trawled through piles and piles of reference books in both the school and local library for months. These days of course it would only take half an hour on Google, kids these days don’t know how easy they’ve got it!

Once you get immersed in mirrors as I did all those years ago, or ‘mirros’ as I frequently misspelled it, and start researching them, you find that they play a major part in all aspects of life. Mirrors also feature in superstitions. One of the most commonly known superstitions is that someone who breaks a mirror will receive seven years bad luck. A popular belief for this superstition is that mirrors are a reflection of the soul and if a mirror is broken, then part of the soul is broken. Added to this, some believe that the soul regenerates every seven years in an unbroken condition, hence the seven years of bad luck. I bet you’ve always wondered what that was about so I’m glad to share that with you!

It is also said that the mirror does not lie. A mirror can show only the truth. It is a very bad omen indeed to see something in a mirror which should not be there, a technique regularly used in scary movies! Some cultures also have a custom that a newborn child should not look into a mirror until its first birthday because its soul is still forming.

In the southern United States, it used to be customary to cover the mirrors in a house where the wake of a deceased person was being held. If a mirror was left uncovered or exposed, people believed that the deceased person’s soul would become trapped in any uncovered mirror.

In the ancient art of Feng Shui mirror placement is considered very important. There is a lot of information available about this, and it is a subject that can’t be covered in a mere paragraph or two here. But Chi energy flow can be influenced by mirrors so where the energy needs to be diverted, mirrors can be used for this to great effect. Personally I don’t really conform to these rules, although my mum has mirrors strategically placed all over her house to redirect in-auspicious energy! One of the principles I do follow though is to make sure I don’t have any mirrors facing my bed, or the kids beds, as this is said to reflect your dreams back onto you whilst you are sleeping, which is not a good thing if it’s a nightmare!

Conclusion

A mirror is defined as a coated glass surface for reflecting images. There is a huge range of mirrors for scientific use, and available in many shapes and sizes. The most commonly seen uses of mirrors are for personal grooming and interior decoration. As a race we are thoroughly addicted to mirrors. Who can honestly say that they can walk past a mirror without taking a look at themselves?

Over time, mirrors have evolved from a luxury item to an item of necessity and many particularly women will always carry a mirror in their hand bags. However, today with technological advancements, some mirrors will be seen as a luxury, particularly those which include illumination, LED or demisting devices. As individuals we spend many hours of our life in a bathroom, so why not treat yourself to one of life’s little luxuries and indulge in a stylish bathroom mirror? After all, let’s be honest, who can really live without a mirror?

How you can save money on your insurance

Never, never just accept a renewal quote from your existing provider on your Home and Car Insurance policies. After mortgages, this is the most common area to limit your spending by finding other providers. According to the RAC, massive savings can be made the avergae shopper saving a whopping £214, while home insurance tumbles from £320 to£200. The internet makes it incredibly simple to find quotes, and if you don’t spend at least one lunch hour a year finding a better deal then you obviously have money to burn.

1. Investigate your PPI
Pricey and poorly sold, Payment Insurance is one of the most lucrative types of insurance created by the finance industry. It can add £3,000 to the cost of a £7,500 secured loans. But many people were sold it who can’t possibly make a claim against it these people are abel to demand their money back again.

Many companies are offering to calimthis moneyt back for you but they will take 25% of the refund. Instead, use the Fiancial Ombudsman Service which is free and they are helping 4 out of 5 people missold . Helpfully, it offers a factsheet on how to make a complaint about PPI which you can find at financialombudsman.org.uk

2. Cancel your mobile phone insurance
Many people are strongly pressured in phone shops into spending between £50 and £70 a year on this insurance. Most policies don’t cover you for the most dangerous type of risk airtime abuse (where the phone is stolen and used to make international calls), and if your phone is lost your home and contents should coiver it.

Mobile insurance is usually set up as a monthly direct debit, so it’s a very easy one to cancel.

3. Rethink your life insurance
Life insurance is not for life. Just because the life insurance cover was sold to you with your mortgage doesn’t mean you have to stick with that provider for the life of the home loan. You can cancel it at any time to get a cheaper deal. With the human lifetime improving (ie. fewer people dying), life insurance companies have been cutting rates for more than a decade.

If you are in a job at a big employer, it is likely to offer “death in service” benefit worth at least three times your yearly salary, and often much more. Do you really need all that life insurance cover on top as well?

4. Don’t pay for travel insurance you don’t need
Step 1 Obtain a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) from ehic.org.uk or at your local Post Office. This has replaced the old E111 forms and gives you reducedcost or free medical treatment in EU countries and Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. You may even obtain treatment faster, as you won’t have to rely on a hospital waiting to receive authorisation to treat you from an insurer.

Step 2 Check your home insurance policy. cover is often provided when outside your home.

Step 3 Check your health cover policy, if you have one. These usually pay treatment costs incurred abroad. For most holidaymakers, who travel to southern Europe once a year, the only real benefit that travel insurance brings is cover in the event of a cancellation. Ask yourself if that is really worth premiums that are often pounds 100 or more for a family.

You mustn’t travel outside the EU with out travel insurance cover If you go away more than once a year it is best to take a annual policy though again don’t pay for cover you don’t need. E.g., cover for winter sports.

Sleep Advice

One place where you can go to for all your health, safety and protective (HSP) requiremnets

HSP delivered as it should be ?

Workplace health and safety – all employers have a duty of care as regards the health and safety of their employees, documented legal and unwritten moral codes underpin these responsibilities. The laws around health and safety are becoming more pronounced. Term like corporate manslaughter are surfacing, putting more personal responsibility on the shoulders of the employer. HSP Superstores deliver a number of accredited training courses that will allow management and the directorate to understand where attention needs to be focused.

Natural Health Products (seems a little diverse but it fits into the HSP ethos… as they assist in the support of healthy lifstimes and assist in the support/relief of many health conditions) - Most of us have: hectic life styles… disliking of the taste of certain foods… find it difficult to find the right remedy to a health condition… HSP superstores can help you to get your supplements / natural health products (over a 1000 to choose from).

Even when looking for an alternative herbal remedy to fight a common ailment or illness, they have a natural health and beauty department which offers a large range of quality herbal remedies, natural health products, and organic health and beauty products, all available for delivery in the UK and Europe.

Most HSP superstores have training functions/departments that offer 4 primary services which usually can deliver locally, nationally or internationally:

1. Defining your needs – Help you to evaluate or review your training requirements and deliver a plan for training which will be flexible enough to work in your organisation;

2. Planning – Help you to present and implement a clear and transparent plan address training all your health safety and protective needs;

3. Deliver one-off or periodic training for individuals/groups. With many of our courses you have the option of Training being delivered face to face, via video, via interactive computer based training or a combination of these methods;

4. Your training department – they will usually have a management function that can manage all your training issues for you.

Training does not have to be costly or restricted to any specific time. Some of our courses can be taken any time of the day and any day of the week. You can even stop halt the training and resume when the time is right.

Health & safety professional services – in summary HSP Superstores offer ultimate flexibility for the delivery of training courses.

“Chance favours the prepared”

http://www.travel-healthy.info

Tattoo Body Art – Prevalence In Modern Society

Tattoos have experienced a resurgence in popularity around various parts of the globe, particularly in North and South America, Japan, and Europe. This rise in the number of tattoo enthusiasts has seen an influx of new artists into the industry, many of whom have technical and fine arts training. This development in conjunction with the use of better pigments as well as technical development of tattoo machines, this has led to an improvement in the quality of tattoos being produced. Modern tattoo options include wrist tattoos. Many females choose “softer” tattoo motives such as butterfly tattoo designs. More elaborate, maybe more masculine, designs include dragon tattoos.

In June 2006 the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology published the results of a telephone survey which took place in 2004. It found that 36% of Americans ages 18-29, 24% of those 30-40 and 15% of those 41-51 had a tattoo. In September 2006, the Pew Research Center conducted a telephone survey which found that 36% of Americans ages 18-25, 40% of those 26-40 and 10% of those 41-64 had a tattoo. In January 2008, a survey conducted online by Harris Interactive estimated that 14% of all adults in the United States have a tattoo, just slightly down from 2003, when 16% had a tattoo.

In the United States many prisoners and criminal gangs display tattoos as a way to show for example criminal experiences, prison sentences, and gang memberships. As an example, a tattoo shaped as a tear can in some cases indicate murder, with each tear representing the death of a friend. At the same time, members of the U.S. military have been using tattoos for a long time as a way to indicate military units, battles, kills, etc., an association which remains widespread among older Americans. This practice is also prevalent among the Brish Armed Forces.

Insofar as this cultural or subcultural use of tattoos predates the widespread popularity of tattoos in the general population, the use of certain tattoos is still to some extent linked to criminality. Although the general acceptance of tattoos is on the rise in Western society, tattoos can still be seen as carrying a stigma among some social groups.

The prevalence of women in the tattoo industry, along with larger numbers of women bearing tattoos, is changing negative perceptions. Keep in mind though that a study of “at-risk” (as defined by school absenteeism and truancy) adolescent girls showed a positive correlation between body-modification and negative feelings towards the body and self-esteem; however, also illustrating a strong motive for body-modification as the search for “self and attempts to attain mastery and control over the body in an age of increasing alienation.”

UK Job Vacancies

If your looking for work the UK has some of the best job vacancies available in Europe. Managers in the UK are looking for workers who are flexible and have different talents so workers can be used in many different regions of their business.

In recent times the workplace market has appreciated in value, tied with a decrease in unemployment to just less than 5%. This gets along well with other labour markets in neighboring European states.

Excellent English and communicating skills are required if you need a well paid work in the UK. Academic qualifications for UK jobs is also a necessary requirement, businesses in the United Kingdom have high professional competency therefore the employment of staff is done corresponding to professionalism. This will prove to be a great starting point for anyone seeking a career in the UK market so minimizing the issues that can happen due to the short fall of work past experience.

A lot of firms in the UK consider a person’s past experience to be one of the main necessities. For example, for somebody to be employed in a business related career, experience comes first before the level of education in business studies.

The UK is considered as the knowledge centre because most of the jobs are information based. Have a look at Marks and Spencer Jobs to get a good idea on what is available from a top company. Price competition and other market forces do not determine these types of information based sectors and are not dependent on very specialised technical professionals. Knowledge based industries are highly successful; thus they have high levels of employment.

This growth has always been driven by an enlargement in the public work place, hence the widening of the health and education institutions and there has been increased work vacancies in the education and health arena.

Silver Jewelry for Kings and Commoners

Since the 1500s, the mining of silver has been ongoing in many countries throughout the world, with references back to Biblical times. Early on it was recognized as a valuable metal, possibly because of its shiny appearance. Because of its versatile nature, silver can be found in many items, including silverware, dental fillings, electronics, home decorations, medicines, coins and also in the form of jewelry.

Several hundred years ago, people that worked with and made items from silver were called silversmiths. They learned techniques of melting down silver and forming it in to objects that were often traded for value. Silver was easily found throughout the world, and although different groups of people had no knowledge of silver-smithing techniques in other parts of the world, their techniques were almost identical. European settlers were surprised to see that natives in Mexico were using similar techniques that they used back in Europe.

As time progressed, silver was often associated with wealth, and it became popular for people to wear jewelry made of silver as a sign of status. Often, silver, as well as gold decorations, statues, cutlery and crowns were made from silver and given to royalty, which helped to increase its status as a precious metal.

Eventually the processes used to make silver jewelry were streamlined and silver jewelry became more and more accessible for regular citizens. The problem, of course, with fine silver, which is 100% pure, is that it’s soft and susceptible to damage. There is actually two solutions to this problem with can be used in the production of silver jewelry. The first way to make silver less susceptible to scratches and damage is to mix it with a harder metal.

Silver that is 92.5% pure, and then mixed with copper, is called sterling silver. Sterling silver is most often used in silverware, but is also used, for example, to make a sterling silver bracelet that is durable, yet still retains the beauty of fine silver.

Another process that improves the durability of silver is a process called electroplating. This is a process where an object made out of copper, or other hard metal, is coated with silver. This of course makes a durable piece of jewelry, often seen in Mexican sterling silver jewelry and the cost is quite low. Electroplating has been used in the production of silver jewelry since the 1800s.

This process has been tweaked over the years with new technology and new, very inexpensive electroplate silver jewelry has been created. Unfortunately, this very low cost electroplating technique includes a very thin layer of silver and the quality is not as high as it once was. This does not mean that good quality electroplate jewelry does not exist; it just means that sometimes, a very low cost piece of silver jewelry may be cheap for good reason.

In the 19th and 20th century various styles were used in the creation of everything from buildings, to clothes, and, of course, jewelry. You may be familiar with the terms Edwardian, Victorian and Art Deco, which were periods of fashion that were represented by certain styles. During this time, silver was used in different ways to express the various stylistic differences. The Victorian period was known for ornate silver jewelry, such as silver necklaces for men, that looked very regal and formal.

For whatever reason, it was more about value and wealth than actual style. Jewelry was worn solely to show off one’s wealth. As you move onto the later periods, specifically the Art Deco period, silver was used in what many would call “costume jewelry”. This was jewelry that did not have significant value, but was made to be very visually appealing. Prior to this time, jewelry was worn as way to portray wealth and significance, where style was not as important.

As we enter the 20th century, a major shift happened and people of average means started to wear jewelry. They were not concerned about portraying wealth, but rather wore jewelry as an accessory to enhance an outfit. This was the time period that saw jewelry brought into the mainstream.

Over the years, different gifts have been associated with various milestones. Silver has long been associated with gifts for a 25th wedding anniversary. In many cases, husbands give their wives a piece of silver jewelry, such as a ring, bracelet, earrings or necklace, as a means of signifying this momentous occasion.

Whether you’re buying jewelry for yourself or for a loved one, silver jewelry deserves another look. Although not as popular as gold, there are many examples of stunning silver jewelry available at almost every price level.

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